What is the Difference Between Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite?

Calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite are both chemical compounds used as disinfectants and bleaching agents. They have some differences in their properties and uses:

1. Physical appearance: Calcium hypochlorite is a white solid that readily decomposes in water, releasing oxygen and chlorine. It is available in granular or tablet form. Sodium hypochlorite, on the other hand, is a clear, greenish to yellow liquid with an odor of chlorine. It is not available in solid form.
2. Stability: Calcium hypochlorite is a relatively stable compound compared to sodium hypochlorite, which is very unstable.
3. Melting and boiling points: Calcium hypochlorite has a melting point of 100°C and a boiling point of 175°C, while sodium hypochlorite has a melting point of 18°C and a boiling point of 101°C.
4. Chlorine content: Calcium hypochlorite has a higher amount of chlorine in its composition compared to sodium hypochlorite.
5. Production: Calcium hypochlorite is produced by processing lime with chlorine gas, while sodium hypochlorite is produced through the electrolysis of salt sodium chloride.

Both compounds are primarily used as bleaching agents or disinfectants in commercial bleaches, cleaning solutions, and disinfectants for drinking water and wastewater purification systems, and swimming pools.

Comparative Table: Calcium Hypochlorite vs Sodium Hypochlorite

Here is a table comparing the differences between calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite:

Calcium hypochlorite is a relatively stable compound with a higher chlorine content compared to sodium hypochlorite. It appears as a granular white substance or compressed tablets. Sodium hypochlorite, on the other hand, is a transparent, slightly yellowish solution with a distinct odor. It is less expensive than calcium hypochlorite and is commonly used in bleach products and water purification. Both compounds are classified as Toxicity Category I, indicating their high toxicity levels.