What is the Difference Between Deadlock and Starvation?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚Deadlock and starvation are both conditions that can occur in concurrent processing systems, but they have different characteristics and implications:
Deadlock:
- Occurs when each process holds a resource and waits for another resource held by any other process.
- All processes keep waiting for each other to complete, and none get executed.
- Necessary conditions for deadlock to occur are Mutual Exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Preemption, and Circular Wait.
- Also known as Circular Wait.
- In a deadlock, processes are unable to access resources because every process is waiting for some other process to release a resource.
Starvation:
- Occurs when high-priority processes constantly consume resources, preventing low-priority processes from acquiring resources.
- Low-priority processes may wait indefinitely for a required resource.
- Resources are continuously utilized by high-priority processes.
- Also known as Lived Lock.
- In starvation, processes with lower priorities may be unable to access resources because high-priority processes keep executing.
In summary, deadlock is a situation where all processes are holding one resource each while waiting for another process to acquire a different resource, leading to none of the processes being executed. On the other hand, starvation is a situation that prevents low-priority processes from acquiring resources due to the continuous consumption of resources by high-priority processes.
Comparative Table: Deadlock vs Starvation
Here is a table comparing the differences between deadlock and starvation:
Deadlock | Starvation |
---|---|
Occurs when each process holds a resource and waits for another resource held by any other process. | Occurs when high-priority processes continuously consume resources, preventing low-priority processes from acquiring resources. |
All processes keep waiting for each other to complete, and none get executed. | High-priority processes resources are blocked, and low-priority processes cannot make progress. |
Necessary conditions for deadlock to occur are Mutual Exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Preemption, and Circular Wait. | Priorities are assigned to the processes, and starvation can be resolved using priority scheduling or aging. |
Also known as Circular Wait. | Also known as Live Lock. |
In summary, deadlock occurs when multiple processes are stuck waiting for each other to release a resource, while starvation occurs when high-priority processes continuously consume resources, preventing low-priority processes from acquiring resources. Deadlock is a form of circular wait, while starvation is a form of live lock.
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