What is the Difference Between DNA Polymerase 1 2 and 3?
π Go to Comparative Table πDNA polymerases are enzymes involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. They are essential for maintaining the stability and integrity of genetic material during cell division and DNA repair. Among them, DNA polymerases I, II, and III are found in prokaryotic organisms and play different roles in DNA replication and repair.
The main differences between DNA polymerases I, II, and III are:
- Function:
- DNA polymerase I: Fills DNA gaps that arise during DNA replication, repair, and recombination.
- DNA polymerase II: Participates in editing and proofreading, mainly in the lagging strand.
- DNA polymerase III: The main replicative enzyme, responsible for catalyzing DNA synthesis with a high degree of accuracy and proofreading.
- Processivity:
- DNA polymerase I and II have low processivity, while DNA polymerase III has high processivity, allowing it to synthesize DNA more efficiently.
- Structure and Composition:
- DNA polymerase I is composed of 928 amino acids.
- DNA polymerase II is composed of 783 amino acids and has both 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and 5' to 3' polymerase activity.
- DNA polymerase III is composed of three functional molecules, with the Ξ± subunit responsible for DNA polymerization, the Ξ΅ subunit managing exonuclease proofreading, and the ΞΈ subunit assisting the Ξ΅ subunit for proofreading.
In summary, DNA polymerases I, II, and III have distinct functions, processivity, and structures, playing crucial roles in DNA replication, repair, and recombination in prokaryotic organisms.
Comparative Table: DNA Polymerase 1 2 vs 3
Here is a table summarizing the differences between DNA polymerase 1, 2, and 3:
Property | DNA Polymerase 1 | DNA Polymerase 2 | DNA Polymerase 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Function | DNA repair, removal of primers, and filling gaps in the lagging strand | DNA repair and proofreading | Main enzyme for DNA synthesis during replication |
Processivity | Low | Low | High |
Synthesis on Leading and Lagging Strands | Contributes to both leading and lagging strand synthesis | Not involved in leading and lagging strand synthesis | Synthesizes both leading and lagging strands |
Exonuclease Activities | 3ββ5β exonuclease (proofreading) and 5ββ3β exonuclease (removing RNA primers and repair) | 3ββ5β exonuclease (proofreading) | 3ββ5β exonuclease (proofreading) |
DNA polymerase 1 is involved in DNA repair, removal of primers, and filling gaps in the lagging strand. It has the 5ββ3β polymerization, 3ββ5β exonuclease for proofreading, and 5ββ3β exonuclease activity for removing RNA primers and repair. DNA polymerase 2 is involved in DNA repair and proofreading, with low processivity and 3ββ5β exonuclease activity. DNA polymerase 3 is the main enzyme for DNA synthesis during replication, with high processivity and involved in synthesizing both leading and lagging strands. It has 3ββ5β exonuclease activity for proofreading.
- RNA Polymerase I II vs III
- DNA Polymerase vs RNA Polymerase
- Taq Polymerase vs DNA Polymerase
- DNA Ligase vs DNA Polymerase
- Klenow Fragment vs DNA Polymerase 1
- DNA Dependent DNA Polymerase vs DNA Dependent RNA Polymerase
- Polymerase vs Primase
- Type 1 2 vs 3 Restriction Endonuclease
- Klenow vs T4 DNA Polymerase
- Phusion vs Taq Polymerase
- Taq vs Pfu Polymerase
- Oligonucleotide vs Polynucleotide
- PCR vs DNA Replication
- RNA Polymerase Core vs Holoenzyme
- Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase
- Polymer vs Copolymer
- Collagen 1 2 vs 3
- DNA vs DNAse
- DNA vs RNA Synthesis