What is the Difference Between Donor and Acceptor Impurities?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚The main difference between donor and acceptor impurities lies in the way they affect the electrical conductivity of a semiconductor material. Here are the key differences between donor and acceptor impurities:
- Donor Impurities:
- Increase conductivity by donating electrons.
- Consist of 5 electrons in their valence shell.
- Belong to Group V elements in the periodic table.
- Examples include phosphorus, antimony, bismuth, and arsenic.
- Form n-type semiconductors.
- Acceptor Impurities:
- Increase conductivity by accepting electrons.
- Consist of 3 electrons in their valence shell.
- Belong to Group III elements in the periodic table.
- Examples include boron, gallium, and aluminum.
- Form p-type semiconductors.
In summary, donor impurities donate electrons to the semiconductor, creating an excess of electrons and forming an n-type semiconductor, while acceptor impurities accept electrons, creating an excess of holes (positive charge) and forming a p-type semiconductor.
Comparative Table: Donor vs Acceptor Impurities
Here is a table comparing donor and acceptor impurities:
Property | Donor Impurities | Acceptor Impurities |
---|---|---|
Definition | Donor impurities are elements that increase the conductivity of a material by donating charge. | Acceptor impurities are elements that increase the conductivity of a material by accepting charge. |
Also Known As | Pentavalent impurities | Trivalent impurities |
Number of Valence Electrons | 5 | 3 |
Forms | n-type semiconductor | p-type semiconductor |
Group Position in Periodic Table | Group V | Group III |
Examples | Phosphorus, antimony, bismuth, arsenic | Boron, aluminum, gallium |
Donor impurities are elements from Group V of the periodic table, such as phosphorus, antimony, bismuth, and arsenic. When added to a semiconductor, they donate their excess electrons, increasing the material's electrical conductivity and forming an n-type semiconductor.
Acceptor impurities, on the other hand, are elements from Group III of the periodic table, such as boron, aluminum, and gallium. When added to a semiconductor, they accept the charge from other atoms, increasing the material's electrical conductivity and forming a p-type semiconductor.
- Hydrogen Bond Donor vs Acceptor
- Electron Rich vs Electron Deficient Impurities
- Assay vs Purity
- Acceptance vs Tolerance
- Absorptance vs Absorbance
- Purifier vs Clarifier
- Adulteration vs Contamination
- Absorptivity vs Molar Absorptivity
- Separation vs Purification
- Absorption vs Adsorption
- Critical Angle vs Acceptance Angle
- Emission vs Absorption Spectra
- Absorbance vs Transmittance
- Diffusion vs Ion Implantation
- Accept vs Except
- Catalyst vs Inhibitor
- Adsorption vs Desorption
- Assimilatory vs Dissimilatory Sulphate Reduction
- Consignor vs Consignee