What is the Difference Between G CSF and GM CSF?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are both cytokines that stimulate the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. However, they have some differences in their effects and applications:
- Target cells: G-CSF primarily targets neutrophils and bone marrow precursor cells, while GM-CSF has a broader target range, including neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, dendritic cells, basophils, and possibly B-cells.
- Activities: G-CSF induces the appearance of colonies containing only granulocytes, while GM-CSF induces colonies containing both granulocytes and macrophages.
- Clinical use: Both G-CSF and GM-CSF have been used to treat neutropenia, but G-CSF is more commonly used and approved by the FDA for specific indications. G-CSF is approved for use in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-myeloid malignancies to reduce the time to neutrophil recovery and the duration of fever.
- Dosage: The recommended dosage for G-CSF is 5 μg/kg/d, while for GM-CSF, it is 250 μg/m^2/d.
- Administration: Both drugs can be given intravenously or subcutaneously.
- Side effects: G-CSF is generally well-tolerated, with transient fever and bone pain being more commonly observed in those receiving GM-CSF.
Despite their differences, both G-CSF and GM-CSF have been shown to have similar efficacy in treating sepsis in terms of all-cause mortality, in-hospital mortality, and adverse events. However, larger prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to further investigate their comparative effectiveness in specific clinical settings.
Comparative Table: G CSF vs GM CSF
Here is a table that highlights the differences between G-CSF and GM-CSF:
Feature | G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) | GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) |
---|---|---|
Primary target | Neutrophils | Macrophages and eosinophils |
Receptor | G-CSFR (CD114) | GM-CSFR (CD116) |
Activity spectrum | Narrow, mainly stimulating neutrophil production | Wider, stimulating production of both granulocytes and macrophages |
Common uses | Treating patients with certain cancers and neutropenia, and those undergoing autologous stem cell transplants | Immunomodulatory agent, sidelined from neutropenia treatment due to toxicity profile |
Molecular structure | Glycoprotein with a molecular mass of ~23 kDa | Glycoprotein with a molecular mass of ~23 kDa |
Production | Produced in E. coli, making it a recombinant human protein | Produced in E. coli or yeast |
Examples | Filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, and their biosimilars | Not specified |
G-CSF primarily targets neutrophils and stimulates their production in the bone marrow, while GM-CSF targets both granulocytes and macrophages, with a wider activity spectrum. G-CSF is commonly used to treat patients with certain cancers and neutropenia, as well as those undergoing autologous stem cell transplants. GM-CSF, on the other hand, has a toxicity profile that led to its being sidelined from neutropenia treatment, but it is now undergoing a renaissance as an immunomodulatory agent.
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