What is the Difference Between G Protein Coupled Receptors and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are two types of cell surface receptors involved in cell signaling. They have distinct structures and mechanisms of action:
- GPCRs:
- Contain seven transmembrane domains.
- Use GTP as their energy source.
- Typically activate intracellular signaling pathways via G proteins and second messengers.
- Single ligand binding induces only one cell response.
- RTKs:
- Have two similar monomers, consisting of a single peptide chain.
- Use ATP as their energy source.
- Normally activate intracellular signaling pathways via phosphorylation (when adaptor proteins bind).
- Ligand binding induces multiple cell responses.
Cross-talk between GPCRs and RTKs can occur at several levels, including the receptor-to-receptor level and at crucial downstream points, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Akt/protein kinase B, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Regulation of GPCRs by non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as Src family members, also operates in signaling.
Comparative Table: G Protein Coupled Receptors vs Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are both cell surface receptors involved in cell signaling processes. Here is a table highlighting the key differences between them:
Feature | G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) | Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) |
---|---|---|
Structure | Seven transmembrane domains | Single transmembrane domain |
Ligand Binding | Activates a G protein | Forms and phosphorylates a tyrosine dimer |
Signal Transduction | Associates with G proteins and GTP | Enzyme-linked receptors associated with tyrosine and ATP |
Cellular Response | Single ligand binding triggers only one cell response | Single ligand binding triggers multiple cell responses |
GPCRs are characterized by their seven transmembrane domains and activate a G protein when a ligand binds to them. They associate with G proteins and GTP in the cell signaling process. On the other hand, RTKs have a single transmembrane domain and form and phosphorylate a tyrosine dimer when a ligand binds to them. They are enzyme-linked receptors associated with tyrosine and ATP. Single ligand binding triggers multiple cell responses in RTKs, while only one cell response is triggered in GPCRs.
- G Protein Linked Receptors vs Enzyme Linked Receptors
- Heteromeric G Protein vs Monomeric G Protein
- Ionotropic vs Metabotropic Receptors
- B Cell Receptor vs T Cell Receptor
- Adrenergic vs Cholinergic Receptors
- Protein Kinase A vs Protein Kinase C
- Internal Receptors vs Cell Surface Receptors
- H1 vs H2 Receptors
- Alpha vs Beta Receptors
- D1 vs D2 Receptors
- Receptor vs Effector
- Endocytosis vs Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
- Tonic vs Phasic Receptors
- cAMP vs cGMP
- Toll-Like Receptors vs Nod-Like Receptors
- Gustatory Receptors vs Olfactory Receptors
- ATP vs GTP
- Kinase vs Phosphorylase
- Voltage Gated vs Ligand Gated Ion Channels