What is the Difference Between Java and C language?

Java and C are two distinct programming languages with different features, use cases, and complexities. Here are some key differences between the two languages:

1. Programming Model: C is a procedural programming language, while Java is an object-oriented programming language.
2. Platform Dependence: C is platform-dependent and follows the concept of "Write Once Compile Anywhere," while Java is platform-independent and follows the concept of "Write Once Run Anywhere".
3. Type of Language: C is a middle-level language, bridging the gap between machine-level and high-level languages. In contrast, Java is a high-level language with a syntax closer to human language, making it easier to learn and use.
4. Performance: C is generally faster than Java due to its closeness to machine code and less overhead. Java, being an interpreted language, is slower in comparison.
5. Data Orientation: C is more procedure-oriented, while Java is more data-oriented.
6. Memory Management: C supports user-based memory management, while Java internally manages memory.
7. Exception Handling: C lacks built-in exception handling, while Java supports exception handling.
8. Language Developers: C was developed by Dennis M. Ritchie between 1969 and 1973, while Java was developed by James Gosling in 1995.
9. Uses: C is used for various enterprise, gaming, and Android development applications, while Java is used for web development, mobile app development (Android), and server-side applications.

When choosing between Java and C, it's essential to consider the specific requirements of your project and your familiarity with the languages. Java is generally easier to learn and use, while C offers better performance and is more suitable for certain use cases, such as high-performance applications and systems programming.

Comparative Table: Java vs C language

Here is a table comparing the differences between Java and C languages:

• C is a procedural, middle-level language, while Java is an object-oriented, high-level language.
• C follows a top-down approach, whereas Java follows a bottom-up approach.
• C is not platform-independent, while Java is platform-independent.
• C has 32 keywords, and Java has 50 keywords.
• C supports pointers, while Java does not support pointers.
• In C, garbage collection needs to be managed manually, while in Java, garbage collection is automatic.
• C does not support exception handling, but Java does support exception handling.

C is mainly used for developing firmware and portable applications, while Java is used for developing web applications, Android apps, and IoT applications.