What is the Difference Between Job Description and Job Specification?

The main difference between a job description and a job specification lies in the information they provide and their purpose in the recruitment process. Here are the key differences:

1. Content: A job description usually lists the job title, location, job summary, working environment, duties to be performed, and other relevant information about the position. In contrast, a job specification lists the qualifications, experience, training, skills, emotional attributes, and mental capabilities required for an individual to perform the job.
2. Measures: A job description measures the tasks and responsibilities attached to the job, while a job specification measures the capabilities that the job holder must possess to perform the job.
3. Usefulness: A job description offers information about the job, which helps management in evaluating the position. A job specification helps candidates applying for a job to analyze whether they are suitable for the position.
4. Purpose: The purpose of a job description is to provide a detailed account of the job's duties and responsibilities, while a job specification outlines the qualifications, skills, and attributes expected of the ideal candidate.
5. Usage in Recruitment: Job descriptions are used within job postings to attract potential candidates and provide a broad overview of the open position. Job specifications, on the other hand, are used to depict the ideal candidate from the employer's perspective and detail the requirements related to educational background, professional experience, technical and interpersonal skills, and specialized knowledge.

In summary, a job description describes the job and its responsibilities, while a job specification describes the qualifications, skills, and attributes required for the ideal candidate to succeed in the role.

Comparative Table: Job Description vs Job Specification

The main difference between a job description and a job specification is that a job description focuses on listing the job tasks and responsibilities, while a job specification outlines the skills, traits, experience, and education required to perform the tasks listed in a job description. Here is a table summarizing the differences between the two:

In summary, a job description describes the job itself, including the tasks and responsibilities, while a job specification details the skills and traits needed to succeed in the role. A job description is derived from a job analysis, and a job specification is derived from a job description.