What is the Difference Between Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes?

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are both eicosanoid lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid, which is released from phospholipids. They are involved in various physiological and pathological responses, but they have distinct differences in their roles and mechanisms.

Prostaglandins:

• Generated by the phospholipase A2/cyclooxygenase pathway.
• Include prostanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.
• Vasodilator prostaglandins enhance the vascular permeability effects of histamine and bradykinin.
• Can lower gastric secretions, stimulate uterine contractions, lower blood pressure, influence blood clotting, and induce asthma-like allergic responses.

Leukotrienes:

• Generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid.
• Involved in asthmatic and allergic reactions and act to sustain inflammatory responses.
• Contribute to conditions like asthma, arthritis, and allergic reactions.

In summary, prostaglandins are involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation and regulation of smooth muscle contraction, while leukotrienes play a role in asthmatic and allergic reactions and sustain inflammation.

Comparative Table: Prostaglandins vs Leukotrienes

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are both eicosanoids, which are bioactive lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid and related polyunsaturated fatty acids. They play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Here is a table highlighting the differences between prostaglandins and leukotrienes:

Prostaglandins are involved in various physiological processes, such as vasodilation, inflammation regulation, pain induction, and fever induction. In contrast, leukotrienes are involved in regulating immune responses and are found in leukocytes and other immunocompetent cells. They contribute to conditions like asthma, arthritis, and allergic reactions.