What is the Difference Between Steel and Cast Iron?

The main difference between steel and cast iron lies in their composition, specifically the carbon content. Cast iron contains over 2% carbon, while steel contains less than 2% carbon. Some other differences between steel and cast iron include:

• Melting Point: Cast iron has a lower melting point of 2200°F, while steel's melting point ranges between 2500-2800°F.
• Strength: Cast iron has better compressive strength, making it very hard and resistant to dents and bending. However, it breaks when under excessive pressure. Steel, on the other hand, has better tensile strength, allowing it to bend without breaking.
• Castability: Cast iron is easier to cast than steel due to its higher flowability and lack of shrinkage when it cools. Steel is less fluid, reacts to the mold material, and shrinks when it cools.
• Corrosion Resistance: Both materials are susceptible to corrosion, but their resistance to corrosion varies depending on the specific alloy and environmental conditions.

Cast iron and steel have different properties and uses. Cast iron is often used in applications where high compressive strength and wear resistance are important, such as engine blocks, turbochargers, and heavy-duty pumps, valves, and fittings. Steel, with its higher tensile strength and ductility, is more suitable for structural components, machinery, and vehicles.

Comparative Table: Steel vs Cast Iron

Here is a table comparing the differences between steel and cast iron:

The main differences between steel and cast iron lie in their carbon content, compression strength, and design flexibility. Cast iron has a higher carbon content and compression strength compared to steel, making it more durable and heavy-duty. Cast iron is also more resistant to corrosion and has better anti-vibration properties. On the other hand, steel offers more flexibility in design and finish, making it more suitable for a sleek and sophisticated appearance. Both materials are suitable for table bases and have their own advantages depending on the specific application and desired aesthetic.