What is the Difference Between where and having clause in SQL?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚The main difference between the WHERE
and HAVING
clauses in SQL lies in the way they filter data and their association with the GROUP BY
clause. Here are the key differences:
- WHERE Clause:
- Used to filter records from a table based on a specified condition.
- Can be used without the
GROUP BY
clause. - Implements row operations.
- Cannot contain aggregate functions.
- Can be used with
SELECT
,UPDATE
, andDELETE
statements.
- HAVING Clause:
- Used to filter records from the groups based on the given condition.
- Can only be used with the
GROUP BY
clause. - Implements column operations.
- Can contain aggregate functions.
- Can only be used with the
SELECT
statement.
In summary, the WHERE
clause is used to filter data based on individual row conditions, while the HAVING
clause is used to filter data based on aggregated group conditions. The WHERE
clause can be used without the GROUP BY
clause, whereas the HAVING
clause requires the GROUP BY
clause to function.
Comparative Table: where vs having clause in SQL
The main difference between the WHERE
and HAVING
clauses in SQL lies in how they filter data. Here is a comparison between the two:
WHERE Clause | HAVING Clause |
---|---|
Applies to individual rows | Applies to groups as a whole |
Used to filter records from the table or when joining multiple tables | Used to filter records from the groups based on the given condition |
Can be used without the GROUP BY clause |
Cannot be used without the GROUP BY clause |
Can be used with SELECT , UPDATE , DELETE statements |
Can only be used with the SELECT statement |
Implements row operations | Implements column operations |
Cannot contain aggregate functions | Can contain aggregate functions |
In summary, the WHERE
clause is used to filter individual rows based on specific conditions, and it can be used without the GROUP BY
clause. On the other hand, the HAVING
clause is used to filter groups of rows based on the given condition, and it requires the GROUP BY
clause for its operation.
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