What is the Difference Between Abbasid and Umayyad Empire?

The Abbasid and Umayyad Empires were two distinct caliphates that succeeded the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Both empires had their unique characteristics and developments. Here are some key differences between the two:

1. Origins: The Abbasid Empire was founded by the descendants of Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, while the Umayyad Empire was founded by the Umayyad family of Mecca.
2. Years of Rule: The Abbasid Empire ruled from 750 to 1258, while the Umayyad Empire ruled from 661 to 750.
3. Geographical Focus: The Umayyad Empire had a greater interest in the Mediterranean coast, with Syria, Israel, Lebanon, and Egypt being important during their rule. In contrast, the Abbasid Empire focused on the plains of Iran and Iraq, shifting the capital from Damascus to Baghdad.
4. Religious Differences: Umayyad Muslims are referred to as Sunni Muslims, while Abbasid Muslims are called the Shiites.
5. Women's Status: The role and power of women were significant during the Umayyad Dynasty, but they had a lower status in the Abbasid Caliphate.
6. Political Stability: The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE, supporting the mawali (non-Arab Muslims) and moving the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE.
7. Cultural and Scientific Development: The Abbasid Empire is considered the golden age of Islamic culture, with numerous developments in art, literature, architecture, science, and technology.

In summary, the main differences between the Abbasid and Umayyad Empires lie in their origins, geographical focus, religious affiliations, women's status, political stability, and cultural and scientific developments.

Comparative Table: Abbasid vs Umayyad Empire

Here is a table comparing the differences between the Abbasid and Umayyad Empires: