What is the Difference Between Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Nicotinamide Riboside?

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) are two compounds involved in cellular energy metabolism and various biological functions. They share similarities but also have notable differences:

1. Structure and size: NAD+ is a larger compound, while NR is a smaller compound.
2. Role: NAD+ is a coenzyme central to metabolism, while NR is a precursor to NAD+. As a precursor, NR can indirectly raise NAD+ levels when consumed, as it is transformed into NMN and then back into NAD+ through enzymatic processes.
3. Mode of supplementation: NR is offered as a dietary supplement that the body can easily absorb. NAD+ itself is not frequently used as a direct supplement due to its low bioavailability and quick breakdown in the digestive system.
4. Conversion process: NR is converted into NMN, which is then changed back into NAD+, requiring specific enzymes for this stepwise conversion.

Both NAD+ and NR play crucial roles in cellular energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, cellular repair and regeneration, reducing cellular senescence, guarding against oxidative stress, and possibly improving cognitive health. More research is needed to understand their modes of action and long-term effects.

Comparative Table: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide vs Nicotinamide Riboside

Here is a table comparing the differences between Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR):

Both NAD+ and NR are essential for proper cellular function and contribute to maintaining overall health. NAD+ is an oxidizing agent that accepts electrons from other molecules and plays a vital role in energy metabolism, constructing new cellular components, mitochondrial regeneration, resisting free radicals and DNA damage, and signaling within cells. NR, on the other hand, is a precursor to NAD+ and can be converted into NAD+ in the body, potentially offering similar benefits.